автор: Третьякова Галина Николаевна
учитель иностранного языка МБОУ гимназия № 9 г. Воронежа
Повышение мотивации к изучению иностранного языка через говорение
Повышение мотивации к изучению иностранного языка через говорение
В настоящее время проблема развития мотивации на уроках иностранного языка становится не просто актуальной, но основополагающей. Многолетняя практика преподавания иностранных языков показывает, что значительная часть учащихся, за исключением профильных классов, слабо мотивирована к изучению иностранного языка. Причины очевидны: языковой среды нет, трудно вызвать иноязычную мотивацию говорения. Для устранения данных причин требуются новые формы и методы обучения.
Важнейшим мотивационным стимулом изучения иностранного языка является стремление к расширению своего общего кругозора, которое направлено, в первую очередь, на обучение общению. Подготовить учащихся к иноязычному общению, сформировать коммуникативную способность без привития им норм адекватного речевого поведения невозможно.
Из опыта работы могу предложить заготовки для учащихся для составления монолога по темам.
Give a talk about environmental problems ( )
Remember to say:
- What environmental problems our country has and why people worry about them
- What environmental problem you consider to be the most serious, why
- What people can do to improve the situation
I’d like to give a talk on environmental problems. It goes without saying that the most serious environmental problems are air pollution, water pollution, nuclear pollution, acid rain, wildlife destruction, shortage of natural resources and global warming. Now millions of chimneys, factories, cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes and add harmful bad breath into the atmosphere. These poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, water, birds and animals. A lot of species – fish, reptiles, insects, birds, mammals — are disappearing fast and may be extinct. Many plants in the world are in danger. They are actually close to extinction. Besides, there is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. It happens so because factories and plants produce a lot of waste and pour it into rivers. In many places water is not drinkable. Then nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. This happened in Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union. Nuclear pollution can’t be seen, but its effects can be terrible. Acid rain is another big problem. It poisons or kills wildlife in lakes, rivers, and forests, and damages the surrounding plant life. Besides, destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty is going on. Every year over 100000 square kilometers of forests are cut down for different uses. And shortage of natural resources is evident. Another big problem is global warming. Nowadays the temperature is rising. If the temperature grows by 3-4 degrees, it will be impossible to live on the planet.
Well, unfortunately, all ecological problems are rather serious and disastrous because they are causing great damage to our environment.
However, to improve the situation every person should broaden ecological education and understand that the beauty of nature is extremely fragile. Governments must take serious actions against pollution. To make air clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses. If people want to survive, they must solve these problems quickly. So, we can grow plants and trees, purify waste, then, we should put litter, fast food containers into the litter bins/containers. Besides, people who keep pets, should use a “pooper scooper’ for animal wastes because they contain bacteria and viruses. And, finally, nowadays there are many different international organizations which try to find solutions to the problems of pollution such as Greenpeace, Friends on Earth.
Give a talk on the Internet
Remember to say:
- What the Internet is
- What the advantages/pros of the Internet are
- What the disadvantages/cons of the Internet are
- If you use the Internet ; what for
I would like to give a talk on the Internet. It goes without saying that the Internet plays a big role in our life. Actually, it is a huge network of computers connected with each other serving millions of users all over the world.
Using the Internet offers many advantages. Firstly, all of the latest information is available for you at your home at any hour of the day or night. It’s much faster and easier to surf the Net in search of information from all over the world. Secondly, by means of the Internet people can travel to different cities, visit tourist places. Moreover, e-mail is popular because it is faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation. Besides, you can exchange messages, photos, films and lots of other stuff using it. What is more, we can download music and even books. Then, we can also have on-line shopping searching through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price , saving both time and money. And finally, by joining a chat group, you can share your hobbies and special interests and perhaps make friends all over the world.
But on the other hand, the Internet has several disadvantages as well. Firstly, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information. As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making chat friends is not the same as actually meeting people. We lose a touch with the real world and get in full dependence on a computer. Well, I think it’s important to understand what is really important on the Internet and what is not and we should be reasonable in usage.
Well, personally, I use the Internet for sending e-mails to my friends, searching for/finding useful information for my studies, and for chatting with friends.
In conclusion, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. And whether we like it or not, the Internet here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it.
HOW DO YOU KEEP FIT? WHAT IS A HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE IS?
Well, it goes without saying that everybody wants to be healthy and fit. So, if you really want to have a healthy way of life, you should, firstly, go in for any sport. Even to do a bit of sport is good for you. Swimming is the best exercise for the body. Then it’s advisable not to go to bed late. Besides, you should stay out of doors as long as possible. Actually, fresh air is always good for us. And it’s a good idea to have regular meals and keep to diet. Our food should be plain, light, not fried or spicy. As for me, I don’t like to eat heavy, full-fat food. It’s good to keep to diet of fruits and vegetables, and it’s better to give up eating sugar and after 6. It helps not to put on weight. A glass of juice or kefir will be OK. And one more thing. I think it’s clever to give up smoking and keep off alcohol.
How to achieve success. A secret of success. How to get to the top
1) If you’re dying to be a success you should be… (capable, creative, patient, flexible, sociable, diplomatic)
2) It’s impossible to get to the top unless you’re extremely… intelligent, hard-working, open minded imaginative, ambitious).
3) When you want to set up your own business and be your own boss you should be exceptional … (capable and good at what you do)
4) It’s ridiculous to reach the highs of the profession without having … (a sense of responsibility, a perfect memory, astonishing talent, definite backgrounds, useful contacts, back-up team, confidence a sense of humor, hard work, luck)
I think being successful is… is earning a good salary/having enough time to do what you are interested in/achieving what you set out to do/is being liked by everybody a becoming famous/is being promoted at work/getting married and raising children you love.
MOBILE PHONES
Remember to say:
- What are the pros/advantages of mobiles
- What are the cons/disadvantages of mobiles
- If you have a mobile phone; why.
I would like to give a talk on mobiles. Nowadays it’s almost impossible to imagine our life without them. It isn’t a secret that today many people feel quite helpless if they have left their mobile phones at home. Well, actually, mobiles give us an opportunity to keep in touch with people in any place and in any time. Besides, modern mobile phones provide access to the Internet, have various games, cameras and so on. Then we can send text messages if we like, listen to music, take photos, check an e-mail. And finally, they are quite compact, handy and easy to carry around.
Nevertheless, there are some arguments against mobile phones as well. Doctors claim that this device has a bad effect on people’s health. It can damage our eyesight and immune system and can be harmful. Some people believe that phones prevent live communication. And it’s true. With the appearance of mobile phones and computers people meet up with friends less often.
To my mind, a mobile is a very useful and helpful device. I personally need it every day for my work and keep in touch with my friends and relatives. We simply can’t live without it in the modern world, even though it’s not safe for health. The thing is just to use it less in everyday life and reasonably.
READING BOOKS
Remember to say:
-why people read books and what sorts of books
— about your preferences in books
— what is your favourite book
— why you think people will never stop reading books
Nowadays it’s almost impossible to imagine our life without books. Well, it goes without saying that different people have different tastes and preferences in reading. But first of all, I want to say a few words about the role books play in our life and personally in mine.
Actually, books are a kind of education for us. On the one hand, we get a lot of information from them about different countries, nations, animal-life, about different customs and traditions and famous people. On the other hand, books are like teachers for us. In fact, they teach us how to behave in different situations, how to cope with problems and difficulties in our ways. In addition, they teach how to understand and appreciate people. Reading is the thing which helps us to develop our soul, teaches us to get to know our life. The heroes of books, by their examples, help us to avoid mistakes. A good book is a wise company, which can give us useful advice.
Actually, reading develops our memory; our speech becomes richer and more expressive. Books broaden our horizons and change our outlook on life. That’s why books accompany us in our life.
Well, fortunately, there are a lot of different kinds of books to read, such as historical novels, war novels, adventure novels, fairy tales, science fiction books, detective stories, humorous stories, horror stories and so on.
Personally, I like to read (adventure novels and detective stories) as well. As for me, if I have an interesting book, I never feel bored. In other words, I like to read enjoyable, amusing, funny, exciting, powerful, well-written and easy to read books. Such books really leave an unforgettable impression. Frankly speaking, I quickly read a book from cover to cover if it’s worth reading. I can’t say that I like to read boring, badly-written, depressing books. It’s really a waste of time for me.
Well, my favorite book is ‘Robinson Crusoe’ by Daniel Defoe. He was a great master of realistic detail. This novel is full of optimism and his guiding principle was “never say die”. Crusoe always hoped for the best.
SPORT IN OUR LIFE. WATCHING SPORTS OR PARTICIPATING IN SPORTS. MY FAVOURITE SPORT
People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Actually, sport makes people healthy, more organized, better disciplined and keeps them fit. Besides, it unites people of different classes and nationalities. Sport is both popular among young and old people and many of them do sports on their personal initiative. Some people go in for skiing, swimming, body-building, skating, cycling, snowboarding, climbing, jogging, figure skating, aerobics and windsurfing. Others play ice hockey, cricket, badminton, volleyball, tennis, basketball, golf, and football. All water sports are wide-spread, including swimming, diving, sailing, and water skiing.
All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, and football fields. Physical Education is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges. At PE classes we do a lot of physical exercises, play games, jump and run. Practically all kinds of sports are popular in our country. In the city where I live there are different sports clubs, societies and complexes.
Some people prefer to do some sports, attend sports clubs and take part in sport competitions, others prefer to watch sports games, matches and competitions, and world championships on TV. Probably, they find it really enjoyable, exciting and relaxing. I think it’s a matter of preference.
As for me, I go in for (table tennis). It really needs much energy, mobility and liveliness. And, besides, it keeps a person in a good form. In addition, I definitely enjoy playing with my friends. Well, I guess that’s all for now.
By the way, extreme sports are becoming more and more popular nowadays. People take up BASE jumping, free climbing, sky surfing and free climbing a lot. Well, it’s , definitely, dangerous and risky, but I guess risk addicts get a lot of excitement. As for me, it’s (not) my cup of tea.
TEENAGERS’ PROBLEMS
It’s hard not to see that teenagers nowadays have a lot of problems. One of them is entering a good institute or university after finishing school and then finding a good and well-paid job after graduating them. Another problem is pocket money. Young people need some money of the own to pay for CDs, books, mobile phones and things necessary for their hobbies or just for going out with friends. But teenagers have problems finding a part-time job without any qualification. Well, the other very important problem is GENERATION GAP. Quite often teens don’t understand their parents. ( In most cases the best way is to sit down and clear the air). Besides, there are so called “problem teenagers” who take drugs. A large number of teens use them very often. They are drug addicts. Actually, drugs destroy lives. Well, some teens have problems at school when they want to look cool or fashionable, but at school they have to wear a uniform. Lastly, youth is also the time to meet your first love. It’s surely great, but on the other hand, it’s widely known that the first love often has an unhappy end. As for me, I try to cope with all my problems myself, or with the help of my parents. My parents are real friends and they understand me and try to help me or give advice.
TEEN’S ACTIVTIES
I’ve got lots of friends and we’re all into the same kind of things. Well, we like watching TV, especially comedies. We love music too. Then I really like shopping. I think it’s relaxing and enjoyable. So, I can spend hours window shopping in the city centre with my friends where you can find great bargains. I also like going to the cinema. Everyone my age is crazy about mobile phones and texting messages. Quite often I spend a lot of time on the Internet playing games and chatting online. On Saturdays I usually hang out with my friends at the shopping mall where we check out the shops for new clothes, have a snack and watch a movie.
TRAVELLING
Remember to say:
- why most people like travelling
- what means of transport is the best for travelling, why
- if you like to travel alone or with friends
- if you have ever travelled outside of your country
- which countries you have always wanted to visit
- where and when you travelled last
- who you travelled with
- what season you think is the best for travelling
Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. You can visit different parts of our country and of the world. Besides, you can see many beautiful and spectacular towns, cities during your travelling. There are some people who have a chance to travel abroad, and it’s a golden opportunity to broaden our horizons, learn a lot about different customs and traditions and make loads of friends.
Well, people have various means of transport for travelling. You can travel by sea (ship), by air (plane), by rail (train) or by road (car). Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it’s the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its own advantages. It is one of the most popular means of communication and besides, one of the cheapest. With a train you have speed, comfort, pleasure and safety. Travelling by sea is very popular as well. Comfortable modern ships cross the seas and oceans from one continent to another.
As for me, I prefer travelling by car. I think it’s very convenient, because you don’t depend on timetables and can quickly get to almost any place you wish and besides, you can stop wherever you like.
Well, actually, I like to travel with my parents/ friends. Well, you see, it’s really convenient, safe and easy-going. And it’s good to have someone to share your impressions with.
Fortunately, I have already travelled abroad and visited Italy/France/ Spain. I was really impressed by its places of interest. And their traditional food was absolutely delicious. On the whole, it was enjoyable, fascinating and relaxing.
Unfortunately, I haven’t been abroad. But I have always wanted to visit ….England because it’s definitely worth visiting with its Big Ben, Hyde Park Westminster Abby and so on. And if I had a chance, I would like to go to …… ..I’m sure there is a lot to see there.
And last summer I travelled to the Crimea where I enjoyed the sun and warm sea. (And last summer I travelled to St. Petersburg, which is famous for its architecture, rich museums (the Hermitage, the Russian Museum), parks, gardens (Summer Gardens) and white nights). Well, I travelled there with my parents.
To tell the truth, I think summer is the best season for travelling because you’re on holidays and feel free, what is more, it’s quite warm and easy-going. Well, I think that’s all for now.
TV OR NOT TV?
Remember to say:
— what role TV plays in our life; its advantages
— what programs there’re on TV and what your favorite TV program is, why
— about the disadvantages of TV
— how often you watch television
— who your favorite actor is
— what film you saw last impressed you greatly
Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20-th century. TV plays a very important part in our lives. It’s the main and very convenient source of information and a cheap form of entertainment for millions of people.
Well, actually, it’s the window on the world which gives us an opportunity to “travel” all over the world, to “meet” different people and learn about their customs and traditions and animal life. TV informs us about the latest news, developments in science and current events. It has the power to educate and broaden our minds and horizons. Besides, it gives us a chance to see the best actors and performances and listen to political discussions.
And it helps us to relax after a hard day’s work and escape from reality.
Well, there’s always a great variety of programs on TV: news and sports programs, talk shows and TV games, cartoons, documentaries and feature films, concerts and theatre performances. Of course, not all the programs are good. But many are made in good taste and with great professional skill. Personally, I don’t spend much time in front of the box. I watch only my favorite programs. Actually, I like (sports programs) and (science fiction serials). I find them quite exciting and enjoyable. (Football) is my favorite sport, so I try not to miss important games on TV.
But on the other hand, there’re some arguments against TV. Some people say that television is a terrible waste of time. It occupies our free time and makes us lazier. It’s like a disease. Today a lot of people have become TV addicts and coach potatoes and spend hours in front of the “box” watching from second-rate Mexican soap operas to silly commercials. We stay at home and watch TV instead of going out, doing sports and visiting friends. We read less. We think less. We even talk less. We lack communication with people where we can share our joys and sorrows. Nowadays we all have a weak point because we stopped reading as much as before. In addition, TV influences badly our eyesight and it does harm to our health.
Well, we should learn to control television and use it intelligently.
Violence on TV is another problem that worries people. TV teaches us “how to kill, to rob, to shoot and to poison”. As a result, we become cruel, rude, violent and impatient with people around us. And a lot of crime is committed after watching violent films. It’s really dangerous.
As for my favorite idol in the cinema, I think it’s Kevin Kostner. When his characters face problems, they try to cope with them and do their best. They are full of optimism and energy and take the bull by the horns when it’s necessary. Unfortunately, I don’t know much about his personal life because he avoids publicity.
Well, it goes without saying that tastes differ. People choose and enjoy their favorite programs according to their preferences. Some people like films stuffed with events, fights, violence, aggression, shootings, killings and special effects, with a plot keeping the audience in suspense and then with a twist in the end. Others like realistic, true to life or full of funny situations films with a happy ending. Personally, I was greatly impressed by ………..This film grabbed my attention from the first minutes. The plot isn’t very complicated. It’s about real events that happened to …….The film brought a great success to ………. who played the leading role. I was really overwhelmed watching this touching, exciting, thrilling and fast-moving film. It really left an unforgettable impression. Well, I guess that’s all for now
